Fiscal Policy in India: Budgets, Federal Finances, and the Finance Commission
Fiscal policy in India encompasses government taxation, expenditure, and borrowing choices aimed at stabilizing the economy, promoting growth and equity, and allocating resources across competing priorities. It operates through constitutionally structured budgets at the Union and State levels, shaped by fiscal rules and periodic Finance Commission awards to manage vertical and horizontal imbalances. Importance of…
Read article Credit Policy: Objectives, Theory and Practice, Instruments
Credit policy sets the framework through which a financial institution originates, prices, administers, and monitors credit exposures to achieve portfolio-quality, profitability, and compliance objectives in a risk-controlled manner. In banking practice, it translates the Board-approved risk appetite into actionable standards for underwriting, concentration, pricing, collateralization, and remediation across the credit lifecycle. Objectives Theory and practice…
Read article Monetary Policy: Objectives, Frameworks, Instruments, and Effectiveness
Monetary policy is the most critical tool available to central banks for achieving macroeconomic stability. In India, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) formulates and implements monetary policy to balance growth and price stability while ensuring financial stability. The process is complex as monetary policy must reconcile multiple, sometimes conflicting, objectives while operating under conditions…
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Glossary of Central Banking Terms
Central banking plays a pivotal role in maintaining monetary stability, ensuring financial system soundness, and guiding a nation’s economy. To understand the framework of central banking and its policies, it is useful to be familiar with commonly used terminology. This glossary provides concise explanations of key central banking terms, especially relevant for the Indian context,…
Read article Institutions Set Up by the RBI: NABARD, IDBI, DFHI, IRBI, and UTI — Genesis, Mandates, and Evolution
India’s central bank catalyzed the development of long-term finance, rural credit, and market infrastructure by promoting specialized institutions across decades of planned development and financial sector reforms. This article profiles five seminal institutions—NABARD, IDBI, DFHI, IRBI, and UTI—framing their origins, statutory foundations, mandates, and subsequent transformations within India’s evolving financial architecture. Historical context Post-independence development…
Financial Regulators in India and the Division of Functions
India’s financial system is overseen by a set of sectoral regulators operating under a coordinated architecture to ensure stability, market integrity, consumer protection, and orderly development of markets and institutions. This article outlines the key regulators and how functions are divided among them, including typical overlaps and coordination mechanisms for a banking blog context. Core…
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