There are three types of budgets in government budgets. They are known as Balanced Budget, Surplus Budget, and Deficit Budget. Balanced budget: When the expenditure planned by the government in the budget proposal is assumed to be balanced with the anticipated receipt for a fiscal year. It is called a balanced budget. Surplus budget: –…
[This article explains the meaning of Receipt budget, Non-debt receipt, capital budget, capital expenditure, department of expenditure, etc.] A Union budget is the annual spending plan of the Government based on the estimated income and expense of a nation for the next financial year. The objective of the Government Budget is a blueprint for stimulating…
National income is the total monetary value of all goods and services produced by a country and income from abroad during a given period usually for one year. It is valued in terms of money. National income comprises GDP, GNP, NNP, PI, DI, and PCI. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is the value of the goods…
In 2008-09, the financial stresses peaked following the failure of the US financial firm Lehman Brothers in September 2008. This triggered a panic in financial markets globally. The world has witnessed one of the worst economic and financial crises during 2008-09 since the great depression of 1929. India too faced a financial crisis beside the…
The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, of 2003, was enacted by the Indian government to institutionalise financial discipline, reduce India’s fiscal deficit, improve macroeconomic management and the overall management of public funds by moving towards a balanced budget, and strengthen fiscal prudence. The Act’s long-term objective is for India to achieve fiscal stability and…
The tools of monetary policy refer to the tools used by the Central Bank (RBI in India) to meet the set objectives of price stability and growth of the economy. The tools used by the Central Bank for the above purposes are; Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), Statutory Liquidity Reserve (SLR) Directed credit and administered interest…
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which is the total value of goods and services produced in a country, keeps fluctuating over time due to expansion and contraction in economic activity. This experience of expansion and contraction in an economy from time to time is known as the business cycle. A business cycle is completed when…
On Tuesday, RBI Governor Shri Shaktikanta Das, launched the PRAVAAH portal, the Retail Direct Mobile App, and a FinTech Repository. These three initiatives were earlier announced as part of RBI’s bi-monthly Statement on Development and Regulatory Policies in April 2023, April 2024, and December 2023 respectively. PRAVAAH is a secure and centralised web-based portal. The…
Regional Economic cooperation refers to an agreement between groups of countries in a geographic region, to promote economic cooperation by reducing trade barriers and non-tariff barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and factors of production between each other. The objective of regional economic cooperation is to promote the welfare of the peoples of…
From various theories like classical theory, loanable-fund theory, neo-classical theory of Pigou, and determining the rate of interest put forward from time to time, we have seen that all these theories suffer from various drawbacks and are indeterminate. The Keynesian theory considered only the monetary factors and the classical theory only the real factors as…