Investment appraisal methods are techniques used to evaluate investment proposals and assist companies in determining their desirability based on their income-generating potential. These methods also help rank proposals in order of preference. A sound appraisal method should enable the company to measure the real worth of a proposal and make informed accept-or-reject decisions. Investment appraisal…
(This post explains what are NPV, IRR, DCF, Time value of money, Hurdle rate or opportunity cost of capital, accounting rate of return, pay- back period etc.) The price of groceries or any other items purchased by you today will not be same next year. The purchasing ability of a Rupee today is different (normally…
Mumbai, August 11, 2025 — The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has proposed a set of uniform procedures for the settlement of claims relating to bank accounts, safe deposit lockers, and articles kept in safe custody of deceased customers. The move seeks to make the process faster, simpler, and more transparent for claimants. The central…
Project cost analysis is a systematic process for evaluating the financial feasibility of a project by examining all associated costs and anticipated benefits. It determines whether a project is viable by comparing projected expenses with expected returns, typically expressed in monetary terms. This evaluation is essential for informed decision-making in project management, effective resource allocation,…
Cash forecasting is a forward-looking process used to estimate an organization’s cash position at a specific point in the future.It involves analyzing current cash balances, historical cash flow patterns, and anticipated changes in the business environment—such as sales growth, new investments, or market condition shifts—to predict future cash availability. Accurate cash forecasting is essential for…
A functional budget relates to a specific function of a business, such as a sales budget, production budget, or purchase budget. These are components of the master budget, and the specific functional budgets prepared vary by organization. Examples include sales budgets, production budgets, labour budgets, cost budgets, overhead budgets, capital expenditure budgets, and cash budgets.…
Introduction Forecasting and regulation are deeply interconnected, particularly in industries such as energy, finance, and environmental management, where accurate predictions are vital for effective resource allocation and risk management. Regulatory frameworks often leverage forecasting techniques to set standards, guide investments, and ensure compliance, while forecasting practices are influenced by regulatory requirements for data, methods, and…
Accurate estimation of project cash flows is a critical element in capital investment decisions. It directly influences project evaluation, financing choices, and risk assessment. The following factors significantly affect the estimation of cash flows: 1. Effect on Other Projects When a project is not economically independent, its impact on other existing projects must be considered.…
Introduction Leverage refers to the strategic use of assets or funds to enhance returns. It magnifies the impact of changes in sales or operational performance on profitability. While leverage can boost returns, it also increases risk, creating a direct risk–return relationship: higher leverage typically leads to higher risk and, potentially, higher returns. Key Characteristics of…
