In simple words, the process of converting foreign currency liability of the exporter into Indian Rupee liability is called ‘crystallization of foreign currency export bills’. The purpose of crystallization is to transfer the exchange risk involved in a belated receipt of export bill payment to the exporter.
The export bills negotiated/purchased/discounted by a bank are expected to realize on or before Notional Transit Period (NTP) in the case of DP bills and in the case of DA bills on or before notional due date (NDD). The present rate of a foreign currency in relation to Indian Rupees is subject to change according to market movement. Hence, non-realization of the export bill by the due date, there is a risk that the value of the bill may be significantly changed due to adverse movement in the value of denominated currency when the payment actually received at a later date. Therefore, the bank which has financed the bill needs to pass on the exchange risk of overdue bills to the exporter by crystallization of the bill.
When a bill is not paid on due date, the AD bank as per policy formulated by it, will crystallise (crystallize) the foreign currency liability of concerned bill. The bill will be crystalised by selling the liability amount in foreign currency at the prevailing TT selling rate or at the original bill buying rate, whichever is higher and convert the exporter’s liability in Rupee terms. Interest for the overdue period shall be recovered on the date of crystallisation at the appropriate rate and thereafter till the date of recovery of the crystallised amount. Export bills payable in countries with externalisation issues shall also be crystallised as per the policy of AD, notwithstanding receipt of advice of payment in local currency.
The authorized dealers have the freedom to decide-on the period for crystallization of foreign currency liability into Rupee liability, in case of non payment of bill on due date, based on risk factors like credit perception of different types of exporter clients, operational aspects etc. The policy in this regard should be transparently available to the customers. (FEDAI rules7.1 edition ).[Earlier, an overdue bill is crystalised on the 30th day after the NTP/NDD]. In respect of Gems and Jewellery exports, usually, an extended period of 45 days is considered by banks at the request of the exporter. However, in the case of Gems and Jewellery exports banks obtain a specific undertaking from the exporter for such extension period for crystallization of the unpaid bills.
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Sir a bill was of 2005 .. It was crystallized and recovered at that period.. Now can we link the bill for inward remittance because its been outstanding for more 12years Exos
I’m sorry I don’t have the correct idea in the matter. The bill was not realised for over 12 years, the exporter may be in RBI’s caution list. In that case, matter may have to be taken up with RBI to clear his name from the caution list.
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You may join Face Book group ‘Banking 365’ and clear your doubts if any.
is there a number where I a reach you .
I don’t speak to readers over phone. You may join facebook group ‘banking 365’ and get your doubts clarified from me.
Sir, we send the Export Bill which were purchased by our bank against LC basis but we are in confusion in the due date of payment. Now the payment is going to due in 2-3 weeks after. So suggest us that say at the time of discount GBP 85.00 and in 2-3 weeks if the GBP 90/- so the difference will be recovered by us or bank will pay us the INR 5.00 to us?
If the bill is purchased/negotiated bank will not pass on the appreciation/depreciation of the currency to the customer.This is because once the bank purchases foreign currency bill from you, it will sell the equavalent currency amount in the forex market and makes profit out of difference in buying and selling rate.