Free notes, textbooks, and exam-focused resources designed for Indian banking professionals.
IntroductionExternal Commercial Borrowings (ECBs) are commercial loans extended to Indian borrowers by non-resident lenders. These may take the form of bank loans, buyers’ credit, suppliers’ credit, or securitised instruments such…
Foreign investment plays a crucial role in India’s economic growth and development. It provides capital, enhances productivity, facilitates technology transfer, and integrates India with global markets. Foreign investment primarily enters…
The conversion of External Commercial Borrowings (ECB) into equity is a mechanism through which a non-resident lender becomes a shareholder in an Indian company by exchanging the outstanding ECB amount…
External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs) in India are subject to specific reporting obligations to ensure transparency and regulatory compliance. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), under the Foreign Exchange Management Act…
India utilizes multiple channels to attract foreign capital, two of the most significant being External Commercial Borrowings (ECB) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). While both serve as vital tools in…
An investment made in India by foreign entities, non-resident Indians, and persons of Indian origin in Indian securities including shares, government bonds, corporate bonds, convertible securities, infrastructure securities, etc., is…
As per the existing policy on External Commercial Borrowings, Trade Credit, Borrowing and Lending in Foreign Currency, ECB can be raised under tracks I and III for working capital purposes.…
In consultation with Government of India, the Reserve Bank of India liberaised some aspects of ECB policy including policy on Rupee Denominated Bonds (RDB). According to review of the policy,…
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has issued a clarification regarding the treatment of loans extended to borrowers in the Agriculture and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sectors, where…
business advisor
public relations advisor
HR expert
marketing expert
business strategy
business communications
marketing coach
