Free notes, textbooks, and exam-focused resources designed for Indian banking professionals.
A share is a unit of ownership in a company and has an exchangeable value influenced by market forces. As per Section 43 of the Companies Act, 2013, a company’s…
The cost of debt is the interest rate a company pays on its debt, and it is influenced by taxation and the company’s capital structure. Cost of Debt The cost…
This article explains the assumptions and key aspects of approaches to capital structuring, including the Net Income Approach, Net Operating Income Approach, Traditional Position, Modigliani-Miller (MM) Theory, Pecking Order Theory,…
A company’s capital structure is influenced by various factors, including its size, profitability, growth prospects, and the availability of funds. Additional factors include the company’s credit history, tax position, and…
Leverage and gearing are financial terms that refer to the use of debt by a company to increase investment exposure and potential returns. These terms are often used interchangeably; however,…
Capital structure is the combination of debt and equity used by a company to finance its operations and growth. It is a core component of a company’s financial strategy, determining…
A currency forward contract is a customized, written contract between two parties that sets a fixed foreign currency exchange rate for a transaction, set for a specified future date. Currency…
Duration is a key financial metric used to measure a bond’s sensitivity to interest rate changes, also reflecting the risk of retirement liabilities. In investing, duration represents the number of…
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has released a Master Direction consolidating guidelines for banks and financial institutions regarding credit information reporting. Issued on January 6, 2025, this directive aims…
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