Free notes, textbooks, and exam-focused resources designed for Indian banking professionals.
The Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) has been a powerful tool in combating financial crimes in India. Several landmark cases have helped shape the interpretation and enforcement of this…
A Bill of exchange is a written, unconditional order by one party (the drawer) to another party (the drawee) to pay a specified sum of money to a third party…
A negotiable instrument like a cheque, bill of exchange, or promissory note is called a forged instrument when forgery takes place in the signature of the drawer, the signature of…
A banker collects a cheque for his customer in the capacity of an “agent for collection”, the banker collects the cheque on behalf of his customer, which also when presented…
Section 15 of NI Acts 1881 defines endorsement (Indorsement) as under When the maker or holder of a negotiable instrument signs the same, otherwise than as such maker, for the…
Although, there are several cheque bounce reasons to be considered such as incorrect date mentioned on the cheque, signature mismatch, mismatch of the amount and figures, damaged cheque, overwriting of…
Under the Negotiable Instrument Act a cheque is a bill of exchange it is an order on the drawee bank to pay the amount specified in it to the payee…
Maintaining client identity records is a core compliance obligation for banks and financial institutions under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA). This requirement is designed to promote transparency, accountability,…
In today’s banking environment, verifying client identity under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) is more than a regulatory requirement—it is a cornerstone of financial integrity. By ensuring robust…
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