Free notes, textbooks, and exam-focused resources designed for Indian banking professionals.
Management is fundamentally the process of coordinating and overseeing the work of others to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively. It involves the systematic application of various functions—planning, organizing, leading,…
Risk-Adjusted Return on Capital (RAROC) is defined as the ratio of risk-adjusted return to economic capital (EC). Economic capital refers to the amount of capital that a bank or financial…
Risk Aggregation: An Overview Risk aggregation refers to the systematic process of combining various individual risks to assess the total risk exposure of an organization. This process involves identifying and…
Risk-Adjusted Return on Capital (RAROC) is a risk-based profitability measurement framework that evaluates financial performance on a risk-adjusted basis. It provides a consistent metric to assess profitability across different business…
Overview of Interest Rate Risk Interest rate risk refers to the potential for financial loss due to unexpected changes in market interest rates. This risk is particularly relevant for fixed-income…
Effective management of interest rate risk (IRR) requires the structured application of four fundamental elements across a bank’s asset, liability, and off-balance-sheet exposures. These core elements are: * Appropriate oversight…
The Reserve Bank of India on February 17, 2023 issued final guidelines on Interest Rate Risk in Banking Book which require banks to measure, monitor, and disclose their exposure to…
Introduction** Liquidity risk represents a critical concern for banks, referring to the risk of being unable to meet financial obligations as they fall due, without incurring unacceptable losses or damage…
Effective management of interest rate risk (IRR) is vital to the stability and soundness of banking institutions. Banks must adopt a comprehensive risk management framework that systematically identifies, measures, monitors,…
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