Operational risk refers to the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people, systems, or external events. To effectively manage and mitigate such risks, organizations—particularly in the…

Operational risk refers to the potential for loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people, systems, or from external events. To effectively manage and mitigate these risks, financial institutions…

Introduction Operational risk has emerged as a critical area of concern in modern banking and financial management. Initially viewed as a residual or unquantifiable category, the definition of operational risk…

Operational Risk Management (ORM) Definition:Operational Risk Management (ORM) is the structured process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks that may disrupt an organization’s routine operations. Focus:ORM concentrates specifically on risks…

Active Credit Portfolio Management (ACPM) represents a strategic and proactive methodology for managing a financial institution’s credit portfolio. Unlike traditional static approaches that focus primarily on loan origination and hold-to-maturity…

Credit control at the portfolio level refers to the strategic management of credit risk across a financial institution’s collective credit exposures. Unlike transaction-level credit management, which focuses on individual borrowers,…

Credit risk policies and guidelines at the transaction level provide a structured approach to identifying, measuring, controlling, and monitoring credit risk on a per-loan basis. These policies are essential for…

Credit risk control and monitoring are essential components of a financial institution’s risk management framework. These processes aim to identify, evaluate, manage, and mitigate the potential for losses resulting from…