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      Special Audits v/s Regular Audit: Purpose, Process, and Examples
      Accounting, BRBLBy Ashish KarkeraAugust 31, 2025

      In the world of banking and business, audits play a crucial role in maintaining financial transparency and regulatory compliance. While routine audits examine overall financial health, a **special audit** is different. It is conducted only under specific circumstances—such as suspected fraud, compliance violations, or financial irregularities. Unlike regular audits, which cover the entire financial landscape,…

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      Understanding Information Systems Audit (IS Audit)
      AccountingBy Ashish KarkeraAugust 30, 2025

      An Information Systems Audit (IS Audit) is a specialized review conducted to ensure the security, integrity, and effectiveness of an organization’s information technology infrastructure, especially vital in banking. IS Audit focuses on evaluating IT controls, risk management, and compliance within the computerized environment of banks. Purpose and Scope An IS Audit in banking aims to:…

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      Explained: Requirements of Banking Companies as to Accounts and Audit
      AccountingBy Ashish KarkeraAugust 30, 2025

      Correct and accurate compilation of financial information and its disclosure, in a manner that is standardized and understood by stakeholders, is central to the credibility of the corporates including banks. The preparation of financial information and its audit is regulated by the banking regulator in India (RBI) with stringent penalties for non-observance. Accounting Standards serve…

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      Discounted Cash Flow Valuation: Estimating Inputs
      ABFM, AccountingBy Ashish KarkeraAugust 17, 2025

      Estimating inputs for a ‘Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) valuation’ is one of the most critical skills in corporate finance. Whether for banking, investment analysis, or project evaluation, accurate input estimation forms the foundation of a reliable valuation model. Introduction to DCF Valuation The DCF approach values a business, asset, or investment based on its ability…

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      Discounted Cash Flow Approach: Step-By-Step Guide to Valuation
      ABFM, AccountingBy Ashish KarkeraAugust 17, 2025

      Introduction Understanding the true value of a business or investment opportunity is essential in finance. Among the various valuation methods, the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) approach stands out for its robust, future-focused perspective. This article explores the core steps involved in conducting a DCF analysis, helping both professionals and beginners grasp how to estimate intrinsic…

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       Direct Comparison Approach in Corporate Valuations
      ABFM, AccountingBy Surendra NaikAugust 16, 2025

       Introduction In the world of corporate valuations, one of the most practical and widely used methods is the Direct Comparison Approach. This method estimates the value of a company by comparing it with similar businesses that have been recently valued, sold, or listed in the market. Because it closely mirrors real market activity, it is…

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      Stock and Debt Approach in Corporate Valuations
      ABFM, AccountingBy Surendra NaikAugust 16, 2025

      In corporate finance and banking, understanding how to value a company is at the heart of smart decision-making. Whether it’s for investment, lending, mergers, or acquisitions, professionals rely on different valuation methods. One such method, widely respected for its practicality, is the Stock and Debt Approach. This method looks at both a company’s equity (stock)…

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      Adjusted Book Value Approach in Corporate Valuations
      ABFM, AccountingBy Ashish KarkeraAugust 16, 2025

      Valuing a company accurately is fundamental for banking professionals, investors, and financial analysts. Among the various valuation methods, the Adjusted Book Value Approach stands out as a pragmatic and reliable way to determine a company’s worth by refining the traditional book value to better reflect economic realities. What is the Adjusted Book Value Approach? The…

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      Approaches to Corporate Valuation
      ABFM, AccountingBy Ashish KarkeraAugust 16, 2025

      In the realm of corporate finance and banking, understanding how to accurately value a company is essential for investment decisions, mergers and acquisitions, financing, and strategic planning. Corporate valuation involves estimating the economic value of a business or company, and there are several approaches commonly used by analysts and investors. This article explores the primary…

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      Cash Flow Estimation in Capital Budgeting: A Comprehensive Overview
      ABFM, AccountingBy Ashish KarkeraAugust 13, 2025

      IntroductionCash flow estimation in capital budgeting involves forecasting the future cash inflows and outflows associated with a proposed investment. Since these cash flows form the primary basis for assessing the financial viability of a project, accuracy in their projection is critical. The process typically includes estimating the initial cash outflows, annual operating cash inflows, and…

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      Methods of Investment Appraisal
      ABFM, AccountingBy Ashish KarkeraAugust 12, 2025

      Investment appraisal methods are techniques used to evaluate investment proposals and assist companies in determining their desirability based on their income-generating potential. These methods also help rank proposals in order of preference. A sound appraisal method should enable the company to measure the real worth of a proposal and make informed accept-or-reject decisions. Investment appraisal…

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      Understanding NPV, IRR, DCF… in capital budgeting
      ABFM, AccountingBy Ashish KarkeraAugust 12, 2025

      (This post explains what are NPV, IRR, DCF, Time value of money, Hurdle rate or opportunity cost of capital, accounting rate of return, pay- back period etc.) The price of groceries or any other items purchased by you today will not be same next year. The purchasing ability of a Rupee today is different (normally…

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Concerns over finance to MSEs: What’s stopping banks to act as development facilitator

Priority Sector AdvancesBy Surendra NaikAugust 8, 20151 Comment

The Reserve Bank of India has recently launched National Mission for Capacity Building of Bankers for financing MSME sector (NAMCABS) for sensitizing and on imparting skills to bank officials. The main focus will be to up-skill 3 lakh banking personnel who have joined the system over the past six years and perhaps who have very…

Withdrawal of additional interest on Bank deposits: AGID,NGIF and AFGIS lost benefits

Bank NewsBy Surendra NaikAugust 6, 2015

Army Group Insurance Directorate (AGID), Naval Group Insurance Fund (NGIF) and Air Force Group Insurance Society (AFGIS) for their deposits of 2 years and above were eligible for 1.28 per cent over and above the normal rate of interest from public sector banks since 1987. RBI today said that interest rate on such deposits should…

The key rates and LAF unchanged at 7.25 per cent

Bank NewsBy Surendra NaikAugust 4, 2015

The key rates and LAF unchanged at 7.25 per cent In the third bi-monthly monitory policy statement for 2015-16 (04.08.2015), RBI said that on the basis of an assessment of the current and evolving macroeconomic situation, it has been decided keep the policy repo rate under the liquidity adjustment facility (LAF) unchanged at 7.25 per…

Now commercial banks can appoint their retired staff as ‘Concurrent Auditor’

Bank NewsBy Surendra NaikJuly 17, 2015

In a relook at the banking system in India which has grown enormously over the years and variety of products and services provided by the banks based on latest technology, RBI has revised its guidelines on the scope and coverage of Concurrent Audit System in banking sector. In a communiqué dated July 16, 2015, with…

Provisioning and reporting of Credit Card NPAs to Credit Information Companies

Bank NewsBy Surendra NaikJuly 16, 2015

The ‘past due’ concept of a credit card account is now revised and determined from the payment due date mentioned in the monthly statement. The credit card accounts are to be treated as NPAs, if the amount not paid fully within 90 days from the due date mentioned in the statement by the card holders.…

Old habits die hard, people still inscribing on bank notes

UncategorizedBy Surendra NaikJuly 16, 2015

Some members of public as well some organizations write the numbers, name or messages on the watermark window of currency notes.RBI has been educating the general public and bank officials about the importance of security features of bank notes which distinguishes it from fake notes. Despite, RBI requesting the public, not to deface the window…

Overseas citizen of India (OCI) and Person of Indian origin (PIO)

Foreign ExchangeBy Surendra NaikJuly 12, 20156 Comments

The government of India vide Gazette notification no.26011/01/2014-IC-I dated 9.1.2015 notified that all the existing ‘Person of Indian Origin’ (PIO) card holders shall be deemed to be Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) card holders under Indian Citizenship Act of 1955. Now let us find out what it means to foreigners of Indian origin. Meaning of…

What are the documents required for opening Current Accounts in banks?

Current AccountBy Surendra NaikJuly 3, 2015

As per the existing RBI guidelines, the banks cannot open the current account of prospective customers without obtaining a ‘No-objection letter’ from the lending banks and in case no response is received from the existing bankers after a minimum waiting period of a fortnight. The Reserve Bank of India in their notification informed that they…

Overnight MIBID/MIBOR benchmark will be revised from July 22, 2015

Bank NewsBy Surendra NaikJuly 2, 2015

The Reserve Bank of India announced today (02/07/2015) that the methodology for the FIMMDA-NSE-Overnight Mumbai Interbank Bid/Offer Rate (Overnight MIBID/MIBOR) benchmark will be revised from July 22, 2015. The newly constituted entity ‘The Financial Bench Marks India Pvt. Ltd (FBIL)’ is also stated that it is taking over the administration of the benchmark, replacing the…

Circulation of pre-2005 Currency notes extended up to December 31, 2015

Bank NewsBy Surendra NaikJune 27, 2015

The Reserve Bank of India has extended the date for the public to exchange their pre-2005 banknotes till December 31, 2015. The central bank had, in December 2014, set the last date for public to exchange of these notes as June 30, 2015.RBI further clarified that It is further clarified  by the bank that the public…

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