The break-even point (BEP) is the level of sales at which total revenue equals total costs, resulting in neither profit nor loss. It represents the sales threshold where a company covers all its expenses but does not generate profit. Any sales beyond the break-even point contribute to profit, while sales below this point result in…
Introduction Standard costing is a cost accounting technique that involves estimating expected production costs, including materials, labor, and overhead, and comparing them with actual costs to identify variances and enhance efficiency. According to the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA), U.K., standard cost is defined as: “The planned unit cost of the product, component, or…
A variance report is a formal document that compares planned financial outcomes with actual financial results. Variance reporting to management involves analyzing deviations from budgeted figures, highlighting discrepancies, and providing insights to facilitate informed decision-making and enhance organizational performance. Types of Variances Variance reports are typically structured documents or presentations that compare actual financial performance…