Although, there are several cheque bounce reasons to be considered such as incorrect date mentioned on the cheque, signature mismatch, mismatch of the amount and figures, damaged cheque, overwriting of the cheque, etc. The principal reason for a cheque bounce is insufficient funds. If a cheque is dishonoured because of insufficient funds in the payer’s…
Section 99 of the Negotiable instrument Act 1881 provides that “When a promissory note or bill of exchange has been dishonoured by non-acceptance or non-payment, the holder may cause such dishonour to be noted by a notary public upon the instrument or upon a paper attached thereto, or partly upon each. A such note must…
RBI on Friday announced that all the 18,000-odd branches which are outside the centralised clearing system called cheque truncation system will come under it by September. This is decision is taken by Central Bank as part of further improving, speeding up, and fool-proofing the payments and settlement systems, it said. The Cheque Truncation System (CTS)…
The Negotiable Instruments (Amendment) Act, 2018 (Amendment) received the assent of the President on 2nd August 2018. The Sec 143 A & 148 which have been now inserted in the NI acts is in addition to Section 138 of NI acts which is dealing in cheque bounce cases. Equipped with the newly inserted sections to…
An instrument (negotiable instrument like cheque/bill of exchange/promissory note) is called forged instrument when forgery takes place in signature of the drawer, signature of the endorser, and alteration in name of the payee, alteration in amount, alteration in date etc. validated by forged signature. A forged instrument is meaningless as far as drawer/endorser whose signature…
Section 8 of NI act provides that holder is any person who is entitled in his own name to the possession of negotiable instrument and has right to receive or recover the amount from the parties thereto.The word ‘entitled’ means that the person who claims to be holder should acquire the instrument in a lawful…
(This post explains Legal amount and courtesy amount,Effect of date written in Saka samvat,Cheques written in Regional Language, meaning of e-cheque.) A cheque has three principal parties viz. Drawer; Drawee and Payee. The drawer is the person who issues (draws) the cheque. The drawee is the paying bank whose name and address is printed on…
When uncrossed cheque is presented for payment in cash at the counters of the bank, the presenter should sign on the reverse of the cheque. Banks verify the signature on the cheque with specimen signature of drawer on record before making payment. The payment cashier will ask for another signature to be made by the…
A cheque signed by a drawer of cheque without completing the material particulars such as date, amount or name of the payee, it is known as an inchoate or incomplete cheque. When the drawer of a cheque hands over an inchoate cheque to a payee, prima facie he has given authority to the payee to…
Any alteration in the original state of a cheque such as date, amount, payee’s name, changing the word ‘order’ to bearer appearing after payee’s name or in endorsement is called material alteration. All material alteration must have drawer’s approval with his full signature (not initials) where the alterations are made. One of the mandatory features of…