What are inflation and deflation in an economy?
In the economic dialect, inflation refers to the increase of the price level of commodities due to an increase in the quantity of money supply. During the period of inflation, the growth of money supply is faster than the level of productivity in the economy. On the other hand the term ‘deflation’ is used to…
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The Demand for money concept is explained
The word ‘money’ or cash is usually used by the common man for currency notes and coins. Apart from above said portable money (cash), we also use cheque demand drafts, debit cards, and credit cards as money equivalents. In a broader interpretation, money means not only notes and coins in circulation; it includes other monetary…
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What is NDS-OM Web
NDS-OM Web Module is only an electronic front end for accessing the main NDS-OM system. It is a screen based electronic anonymous order matching system for secondary market trading in Government securities. Earlier, Gilt Account Holders (GAH) who have gilt account with the PMs were permitted to have indirect access to the NDS-OM system i.e…
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What is investment reserve account (IRA)?
Banks are required to make provisions for depreciation on investment as a ‘below the line’ item, after arriving at the profit for the period. Whenever provisions so created on AFS and HFT categories is in excess of requisite amount in any year, such excess amount can be credited to the profit and loss account and…
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What is Investment Fluctuation Reserve (IFR)?
Banks are required to build up of adequate reserves for mark to market (MTM) losses on investments held in AFS and HFT with effect from the year 2018-19. The provisioning for each of these quarters may be spread equally over up to four quarters, commencing with the quarter in which the loss is incurred. The…
How to convert volatility from annual to daily, weekly or monthly?
Converting volatility (standard deviation) from annual to daily is pretty simple. The thumb rule for calculation is that the volatility is proportional to the square root of time, and not to time itself. For example you have average of 256 days trading days in a year and you find that implied volatility of a particular…
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