The Payment and Settlement Systems (PSS) Act, 2007 empowers the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to regulate and supervise payment and settlement systems in India. To exercise these powers, the RBI operates through its designated body, the Payments Regulatory Board (PRB). These powers enable the RBI to authorize operators, prescribe standards, conduct inspections, impose penalties,…
The Payment and Settlement Systems (PSS) Act, 2007 is India’s primary legislation governing payment systems. It designates the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as the central authority for authorizing, regulating, and supervising these systems. One of the critical areas covered under this Act is settlement and netting, specifically laid down in Section 23, which provides…
Under the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is empowered with comprehensive regulation and supervision responsibilities over payment systems in India. Key points of RBI’s regulation and supervision include: Together, these powers and supervisory mechanisms enable RBI to maintain a safe, secure, efficient, and authorized payment ecosystem in India…
The ‘Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007 (PSS Act)’ lays down the legal foundation for regulating and supervising payment systems in India. Two of its most crucial provisions relate to the Designated Authority and Authorization, which define who governs payment systems and how entities are permitted to operate. Designated Authority * Reserve Bank of India…
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council has rolled out one of the biggest tax reforms since GST’s launch. On September 3, 2025, the Council announced a simplified two-rate GST structure to replace the existing four slabs. Starting September 22, 2025, GST will primarily operate on just two slabs — 5% and 18%, with a…
In today’s hyper-digital age, where money moves at the click of a button, we rarely pause to think about what keeps these systems running securely and efficiently. Imagine if your UPI transfer hung in limbo, or if there was no clear legal framework defining who’s responsible for settlement issues. That’s where the Payment and Settlement…
Under the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999, special provisions apply to assets held abroad by persons resident in India. These rules regulate ownership, transfer, and investment in foreign assets, ensuring legal compliance and preventing unauthorized holdings. Key Provisions 1. Section 4 of FEMA * Prohibits residents from acquiring, holding, owning, possessing, or transferring any…
The Directorate of Enforcement (ED) is the central agency responsible for investigating and enforcing violations of the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999 in India. Functioning under the **Ministry of Finance**, it plays a crucial role in safeguarding the integrity of the foreign exchange market and ensuring compliance with India’s foreign exchange laws. Key Roles…
Under FEMA, contraventions, penalties, adjudication, and appeals are handled through a structured legal process to ensure fairness and regulatory compliance in foreign exchange dealings. Contravention Under FEMA A contravention occurs when any person, company, or entity violates the provisions, rules, regulations, or directions issued under FEMA, or acts against the conditions attached to any authorization…
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has extensive powers with respect to authorized persons under FEMA (Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999), enabling it to regulate, supervise, and enforce compliance in the conduct of foreign exchange transactions. Authorization & Licensing RBI is empowered to authorize any person or entity (banks, money changers, financial institutions) to act…