Ratios are essential tools for evaluating a business organization’s earning capacity, financial health, and operational efficiency. They express the relationship between two related financial items. When calculated using accounting information, they are referred to as Accounting Ratios. Ratios can be classified in two ways: A) Traditional ClassificationB) Functional Classification A) Traditional Classification This classification is…
Working capital is a financial metric that measures a company’s short-term liquidity and ability to pay its bills. It’s calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets. The credit limits are normally considered by the banks on the basis of annual statements of accounts or other documents such as returns filed with sales-tax (GST) /…
Profit maximization and wealth maximization are two different financial strategies that aim to increase a company’s value, but they do so in different ways. In economics, profit maximization is a term which denotes the maximum profit to be earned by a company in given period of time. The concept of profit maximization focuses generally on…
The term working capital means the sum of the funds invested at various current assets used in the operating cycle, by the industrial and trading establishments. Operating cycle means the length of time required to convert ‘Non-Cash current assets’, (like raw material (RM), work in process (WIP), finished goods (FG), and receivables) into cash. The types…
Solvency is defined as the ability of an individual or entity to meet long-term financial commitments. A solvency certificate is a most important document that provides information about the financial stability of an individual or partnership firm or company. A solvency certificate is required for applying for tenders, obtaining contracts, Visa interviews, Legal/court matters like…
Commercial Banks extend varieties of credit facilities to different types of customer viz. Individual, Sole Proprietor, Partnership firm, HUF, Trust, Club, Societies, Association, Limited Company, Public Sector Undertaking, Consortium advance etc. Depending upon type of borrower and nature of credit facilities required, bank will call for certain non-financial papers to examine along with financial papers.…
The slippage ratio in banking is a measure of the rate at which a bank’s good loans turn into non-performing assets (NPAs). It is the ratio of new NPAs to the standard advances at the beginning of a year. Fresh accretion of NPAs during the year or a falling below the current position of standard…
The term ratio means a simple division of one number by another. It is measured by the number of times one number is contained by the other, either integrally or in fraction. The ratio analysis of financial statement means the process of calculating structural relations of different items and groups in the financial statements. Generally,…
‘Capital Instruments’ means monetary instruments in capital markets such as equity shares, debentures, preference shares and share warrants issued by a company. Indian companies are permitted to raise money by way of capital instruments for their operational purposes. The instruments issued in capital markets are listed below: Equity shares: Equity shares are the shares joint-stock…
[Cash Budget pattern of financing seasonal productions like sugar, tea, and construction activities] The request for financial assistance from business enterprises dealing in seasonal products like sugar, tea, construction activities, film industries, order-based activities, etc. is facilitated by the banks through Cash Budget financing plans. In such a pattern of business dealings, the requirement of…