Accounting ratios are metrics used to compare two or more financial data points from a company’s financial statements to measure its profitability, efficiency, and overall financial health. These ratios are typically expressed in various forms, such as proportions, fractions, percentages, or terms of the number of times one value relates to another. Equation for Ratios:…
Working capital is the operating capital of a business which is used in its day-to-day operations, calculated as the current assets minus the current liabilities. The positive working capital commonly indicates that a company can pay off its short-term liabilities almost immediately. Sources of working capital are Share Capital, retained profits, debentures, long-term loans, and…
Both reserves and provisions refer to the amount retained by an organization to deal with all possible contingencies in the future. In accounting parlance, reserves are appropriations out of profits and provisions are charges against profits. Although the IFRS Standards sometimes call provisions a ‘reserve’, they are not the same thing – a provision is…
A common size financial statement is an income statement or balance sheet in which all items are expressed as percentages of a common base figure rather than as absolute numerical figures. For example, in a common-size income statement you will find the income and expenditure amounts as percentage of net sales. Similarly, a common size…
(A manufacturing unit needs to hold the stock of raw material, work-in-process, finished goods for a length of time in the workplace before dispatching the final products to the customers. This article explains how to calculate holding period for stocks and book debts collection) The working capital cycle (WCC) is the time it takes for…
(Nayak Committee norms for computation of working capital limits) The term working capital means sum of the funds invested at various current assets used in the operating cycle, by the industrial and trading establishments. Operating cycle means the length of time required to convert ‘Non-Cash current assets’, (like raw material (RM), work in process (WIP), finished goods (FG),…
(This post explains the definitions of working capital , Operating cycle and various methods of working capital appraisal viz. Tandon’s first method, Tandon’s second method,Turnover method or Nayak committee norms, Cash budget method, Chore committee norms, Maximum permissible bank finance, Minimum permissible bank finance and Important things to note in assessment of working capital…
Distress Sale: A distressed sale occurs when the owner of the asset like property, stocks or any other assets, pressed for urgent sale which is usually under disparaging conditions. Distressed sales arises on account of funds tied up in an asset which is needed within a short period of time for dire need of money…
Trend analysis is a method used in technical analysis that tries to predict the future. Under this system, Revenue and cost information from a company’s income statement is arranged on a trend line for multiple reporting periods and then examined for trends and inconsistencies. The object of trend analysis is to spot actionable patterns from…
The concept of Financial Building Blocks (FBB) serves as a powerful tool for understanding the essential components of a robust financial plan. Just as a building needs a strong foundation to endure the test of time, a solid financial structure is fundamental for sustained financial health. The Role of Financial Management Financial management integrates organizational…