Understanding Optionality in Bonds
Definition of Optionality in Bonds Optionality in bonds refers to the option-like features embedded within certain bonds. These features, known as embedded options, provide either the bond issuer or the bondholder with specific rights, though not obligations, to take certain actions in the future. What Are Embedded Options in Bonds? Embedded options are integral components…
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Inside the POS Terminal Business: Technology, Operations, and Market Dynamics
A Point-of-Sale (POS) terminal is a vital tool that enables businesses to accept payments from customers at the point of purchase. Beyond facilitating transactions, POS systems also capture sales data and may include functionalities such as barcode scanning, receipt printing, and payment processing. These systems can be either physical devices (e.g., card readers) or software-based…
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A Comprehensive Overview of ATM Types and Their Specific Functions
Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) play a critical role in enhancing financial accessibility and convenience. In India, ATMs are available in various forms to cater to diverse customer needs, ranging from basic transactions to specialized financial services. Below is a structured overview of the different types of ATMs and their distinct purposes: 1. Basic ATMs Basic…
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What is Indian Financial Network or INFINET ?
The Indian Financial Network (INFINET) is a Closed User Group (CUG) Network for the exclusive use of Member Banks and Financial Institutions. It was set up by the Reserve Bank in 1999 through the Institute for Development and Research in Banking and Technology (IDRBT) Hyderabad. The Institute explored capability, methods, procedure to expand the network…
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Understanding Bharat Bill Payment System (BBPS)
In Supersession of earlier BBPS-related guidelines/circulars, RBI on Friday (March 1, 2024) issued the new Directions hereinafter specified. These Directions shall be applicable from April 01, 2024. The provisions of the new Directions shall apply to NPCI Bharat Bill Pay Limited (NBBL) a wholly owned subsidiary of the National Payments Corporation of India); and All…
Features of different types of virtual cards/prepaid instruments
Edited and re-posted on 03.05.2025.: Prepaid cards also known as virtual cards. They are issued by the banks and non-bank entities against the value paid in advance by the cardholder. As per RBI’s circular dated May 19, 2021, it shall be mandatory for PPI issuers to give the holders of full-KYC PPIs (KYC-compliant PPIs) interoperability…
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