Indian Economy till 2008 and after 2008
At the time of Independence, India’s accounted for only three per cent of the world’s GDP, or about Rs 2.7 lakh crores. Per-capita income figures from 1947 are vague but according to some estimates, India’s share of total world income fell to as low as 3.8 percent. India had a population of 340 million and…
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Definitions and new aspects of Consumer Protection Act 2019
In the 1986 Act, the definition of a consumer was only limited to buying goods or services and did not specifically include e-commerce transactions. However, this lacuna has been addressed by the New 2019 Act. Under the Consumer Protection Act 2019, a consumer is defined as a person who “buys any goods” and hires or…
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Data Protection laws in India
India is the second-largest internet market in the world, with more than 760 million active internet users. Both the Consumer Protection Act 2019 and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDP Act) of 2023 offer a multi-faceted approach to protecting individuals’ data in the digital age. Data protection laws aim to safeguard the personal information…
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Unfair Contracts and Unfair Trade Practices defined under CPA 2019
The Consumer Protection Act (CPA) of 2019 defines unfair contracts as agreements between a consumer and a manufacturer, trader, or service provider that significantly alter the consumer’s rights. “Unfair Contract”[19] means a contract between the manufacturer/trader/service provider and the consumer and shall be deemed to be unfair if it adversely affects the rights of the…
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Mediation process under the Consumer Protection Act 2019
In the modern days, due to the rapid increase in the commercial disputes, the interest in alternative dispute resolution like mediation has increased sharply. The increased interest in mediation is directly attributable to dissatisfaction with the cost, time consumed and lengthy &complicated procedures with the cost, time consumed and lengthy & complicated procedures adopted in…
Explained: Product Liability under the Consumer Protection Act 2019
Under the Consumer Protection Act of 2019, “Product Liability” is defined as “the responsibility of a product manufacturer or product seller, of any product or service, to compensate for any harm caused to a customer by such defective product manufactured or sold or by deficiency is service-related thereto”[30]. For the sake of clarity, product liability…
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