Cash/ready rate, tom rate, Spot and forward rates are settlement prices of cash, tom, spot & forward contracts. The cross rates are exchange rate between two currencies computed by reference to a third currency, usually the US dollar. For example, USD is used to compute a business transaction between India and Germany although USD is…
Documentary Collection or bill collection refers to the collection of financial and/or commercial documents. The documentary collection is one of the conventional methods of payment in international trade whereby the seller forwards financial and/or commercial documents to the buyer through his bankers against cash payment or acceptance of a bill of exchange. Unlike a bill…
As per the existing policy on External Commercial Borrowings, Trade Credit, Borrowing and Lending in Foreign Currency, ECB can be raised under tracks I and III for working capital purposes. As per extant regulations ECB can be raised from direct and indirect equity holders or from a group company for working capital purpose. The above…
Capital Account Convertibility means that the currency of a country can be converted into foreign exchange without any controls or restrictions. The Report of the Tarapore Committee on Capital Account Convertibility (1997) provided the following working definition of CAC: “freedom to convert local financial assets into foreign financial assets and vice versa at market determined…
Balance of trade is just a smaller part of balance of payments. Balance of payments is a statement which summarizes the balance of trade, the balance of services, balance of unilateral transfers, and balance of payment on capital account. The idea behind the balance of payment is to see whether export of goods of a…
The term balance of payments (BOP) imply that the balance of all financial exchanges between one country and another country of the rest of the world, made up of the current account (visible and invisible trade) and capital account (capital movement) and financial transfers excluding Central Bank’s reserve. If the inward supply of funds such…
Asian Clearing Union (ACU) was established in 1975, after at the initiative of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP). The central banks and monetary authorities of India, Islamic Republic of Iran, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka Bangladesh, Myanmar, Bhutan and Maldives are the current participants in the ACU…
In consultation with Government of India, the Reserve Bank of India liberaised some aspects of ECB policy including policy on Rupee Denominated Bonds (RDB). According to review of the policy, the eligible borrower companies in manufacturing sector can raise Extranal Commercial Borrowings up to USD 50 million or its equivalent with minimum average maturity period…
All the AD category-I branches are now required to upload transaction-wise information (LRS data) of resident individuals to RBI on daily basis. According to RBI circular A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 23 dated April 12, 2018, all AD-I category branches are required to report remittances made under LRS scheme on a daily basis which…
Hitherto, the persons resident in India and Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs) are allowed to take a long (bought) or short (sold) position in USD-INR upto USD 15 million per exchange without having to establish existence of underlying exposure. In addition, residents & FPIs are allowed to take long or short positions in EUR-INR, GBP-INR and…