The Reserve Bank Friday (June 28, 2019) relaxed the leverage ratio (LR) for banks from the quarter commencing October 1, 2019. The RBI communiqué said that the decision to relax the leverage ratio for banks is to help them boost their lending capacity. As per RBI notification the leverage ratio stands reduced to 4 per…
Banks, across the world, use different techniques to evaluate the probable risks through sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, break-even analysis etc. The most commonly used approach is the Risk Adjusted Return on Capital (RAROC). The banking as well as Non-banking financial institution and also large numbers of businesses are utilizing RAROC metric to calculate Return on…
In banking parlance ‘Capital charge’ refers to capital requirement (also known as regulatory capital or capital adequacy). The capital charge is usually articulated as a capital adequacy ratio (CAR) of equity that must be held as a percentage of risk-weighted assets. The banking regulator of a country tracks a bank’s CAR to ensure that the…
The business of foreign exchange dealing is confronted with multiple numbers of risks viz. Rate risk, Open Position risk, Maturity Mismatches risk, overtrading risk, Cash Balance Risk, Counterparty risk, Country risk, Fraud Risk, and so on. Nevertheless, like in any other business, risk taking in forex dealing is also inevitable as it also presents possibilities…
Capital to Risk (Weighted) Assets Ratio (CRAR) is also known as Capital adequacy Ratio, the ratio of a bank’s capital to its risk. The banking regulator tracks a bank’s CAR to ensure that the bank can absorb a reasonable amount of loss and complies with statutory Capital requirements. Higher CRAR indicates a bank is better…
There are three types of capital viz. Regulatory capital, Book capital and Economic capital. Regulatory capital is the amount of capital a bank is required to hold as per the stipulations prescribed by the banking regulator of the country. Book Capital is the actual capital that the bank has, which includes equity capital, loans and…
The contingency planning is a regular part of risk management for exceptional risk though unlikely, may have disastrous consequences when an unexpected event or situation occurs. In the other words, contingency planning is a process that includes risk assessment and a mitigation strategy for those risks. It generally refers to a negative situation like direct…
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) defines funding liquidity as “the ability of a solvent institution to make agreed-upon payments in a timely fashion”. According to the IMF, funding liquidity is the ability lending agency agrees payment with immediacy. Funding liquidity is the availability of credit to finance the purchase of financial assets for a business…
Stress test is a process or simulation technique that evaluates an institutions reaction to different crisis situations. Stress testing and capital planning are increasingly linked to many risk management processes that require coordination across risk, treasury, and financial planning and analysis functions. Banks have been using stress tests to evaluate their potential vulnerability to certain…
In banking jargon the word ‘spread’ is used in issuance of corporate bonds,interest levied on loans and in foreign exchange transactions. In foreign exchange transactions the difference between the buying rate and selling rate is referred as spread or margin. The term ‘credit spread’ is used in the fixed income corporate bonds and bank loans.…