The Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002(SARFAESI Act 2002) provide for Enforcement of Security Interest for the realization of the dues without the intervention of Courts or Tribunals for recovery of NPAs by banks under various laws. In 2016 NBFC is included under the definition of the financial institution through…
Operational risk is defined as the risk of direct or indirect loss resulting from breakdowns in internal procedures, people, system and external events. Examples of operational risk are frauds, system failure, error in financial transactions, failure to discharge demand of contractual obligations due to insufficient funds, etc. RBI on Thursday (12-12-2019) notified that the bank…
RBI with Circular dated September 12, 2019 notified that a bank’s exposure limit to a single NBFC (excluding gold loan companies) raised to 20% of Tier-I capital of the bank. The communication said that this is a step towards harmonisation of the counterparty exposure limit to single NBFC with that of the general limit. It…
The Reserve Bank of India today announced that on a review decided to reduce the risk weight for consumer credit, including personal loan excluding credit card receivables, to 100%. Under the extant instructions consumer credit, under the standardised approach for Credit Risk management attracts a higher risk weight of 125 per cent or higher, if…
The Reserve Bank Friday (June 28, 2019) relaxed the leverage ratio (LR) for banks from the quarter commencing October 1, 2019. The RBI communiqué said that the decision to relax the leverage ratio for banks is to help them boost their lending capacity. As per RBI notification the leverage ratio stands reduced to 4 per…
Banks, across the world, use different techniques to evaluate the probable risks through sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, break-even analysis etc. The most commonly used approach is the Risk Adjusted Return on Capital (RAROC). The banking as well as Non-banking financial institution and also large numbers of businesses are utilizing RAROC metric to calculate Return on…
In banking parlance ‘Capital charge’ refers to capital requirement (also known as regulatory capital or capital adequacy). The capital charge is usually articulated as a capital adequacy ratio (CAR) of equity that must be held as a percentage of risk-weighted assets. The banking regulator of a country tracks a bank’s CAR to ensure that the…
The business of foreign exchange dealing is confronted with multiple numbers of risks viz. Rate risk, Open Position risk, Maturity Mismatches risk, overtrading risk, Cash Balance Risk, Counterparty risk, Country risk, Fraud Risk, and so on. Nevertheless, like in any other business, risk taking in forex dealing is also inevitable as it also presents possibilities…
Capital to Risk (Weighted) Assets Ratio (CRAR) is also known as Capital adequacy Ratio, the ratio of a bank’s capital to its risk. The banking regulator tracks a bank’s CAR to ensure that the bank can absorb a reasonable amount of loss and complies with statutory Capital requirements. Higher CRAR indicates a bank is better…
A bank’s exposures to its counterparties may result in a concentration of its assets to a single counterparty or a group of connected counterparties. To address this concentration risk RBI has fixed limits on bank exposures to an individual business concern and to business concerns of a group. As per current guidelines of RBI a…