The origin and evolution of cost accounting can be traced back to the Industrial Revolution. Before this period, cost accounting methods were basic and focused primarily on direct costs. Businesses were generally small, and costs were mainly composed of direct variable expenses such as labor and materials. During the Industrial Revolution, cost accounting evolved to…
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) was introduced to streamline the indirect tax system in India by subsuming multiple taxes levied by the Central and State Governments into a single tax. This initiative aimed to reduce tax cascading and create a unified national market for goods and services. What is GST? GST is an indirect…
Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) has decided to cut the repo rate for the first time in two years, reducing it by 25 basis points to 6.25 per cent from 6.5 per cent, Governor Sanjay Malhotra announced on Friday. During the meeting, which took place between February 5 and 7, MPC…
Every year in its annual budget (also known as Annual Financial Statement) the Government provides details of how much money it expects to reap from various sources and how it intends to spend the funds. As of now, the Government of India earns about 80% of its total revenue through taxes and the remaining 20%…
Income Tax Refund An income tax refund is issued by the Income Tax Department when the taxes paid by an individual (through TDS, TCS, Advance Tax, or Self-Assessment Tax) exceed the actual tax liability. The tax liability is determined after accounting for all eligible deductions and exemptions during the assessment process. Steps to Claim an…
Income Tax Return (ITR) is a form used to declare a taxpayer’s gross taxable income for a given fiscal year. Filing an ITR is crucial not only for nation-building but also offers several personal financial benefits. It enables you to claim tax refunds, simplifies loan applications, and allows the carry-forward of losses. Additionally, it provides…
TDS (Tax Deducted at Source) refers to the tax collected by the payer on specified types of income while making payments to the payee and subsequently depositing it with the government on behalf of the payee. This system was introduced to reduce tax evasion.This is mandatorily deductible and payable from a wide range of incomes…
Income tax is a tax charged on the annual income of individuals or businesses earned in a financial year. The tax paid by citizens serves as a source of revenue for the government. This money is utilized to fund essential services such as healthcare, infrastructure development and maintenance, salaries and pensions of government employees, and…
The 2025 Budget has proposed making normal income up to ₹12 lakh tax-free under the new tax regime for FY 2025-26. This significant development is a result of revised tax slabs and an enhanced rebate of ₹60,000 under Section 87A. Since the announcement of these changes, there has been considerable confusion regarding the tax implications…
The names “Forward Contract” and “Forward Rate Agreement” (FRA) may sound similar, but they play distinct roles in financial markets, differing in key characteristics and functions. Let’s explore the main differences between these financial instruments. Elements Forward Contract Forward Rate Agreement (FRA) Parties in the Contract Forward contracts are agreements between two parties — buyers…
