Types of Companies: Mode of Incorporation, Liability, Public Interest, Holding and Subsidiary.

BRBL

Companies in India are classified along multiple dimensions—how they are formed, member liability, public-interest footprint, and control relationships such as holding–subsidiary—each with distinct compliance and governance implications for banking and finance stakeholders. This guide maps these dimensions under the Companies Act, 2013 and related frameworks to aid structuring, risk assessment, and regulatory alignment. Mode of…

Doctrines of Ultra Vires, Constructive Notice, and Indoor Management: Definitions and Effects

BRBL

The doctrines of ultra vires, constructive notice, and indoor management collectively define the boundaries of a company’s powers and an outsider’s rights when dealing with a company; in essence, ultra vires limits corporate capacity, constructive notice protects the company by imputing knowledge of public documents to outsiders, and indoor management protects outsiders by presuming internal…

Difference between private limited and public limited company

BRBL, Legal and Regulatory aspects of banking

The key differences between a Private Limited Company and a Public Limited company are tabled below. Particulars Public Limited Company Private Limited Company Minimum Number of share holders A Public limited company requires minimum 7 share- holders. A Private Limited Company requires minimum 2 share- holders. Maximum Number of Share Holders There is no limit…

All -in -one Form INC-29 for registration/ Certificate of Incorporation of new company

BRBL, Legal and Regulatory aspects of banking, PPB

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has introduced Form INC-29, for registration and obtaining  the certificate of incorporation that lessens paperwork to a large extent.  This 8 pages new form is used as an alternate process to do away with the earlier process of filling out several forms separately for allotment of DIN, Name of the company…

The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987: Lok Adalats and Their Role in Speedy Justice

Legal and Regulatory aspects of banking

The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 was enacted with the objective of providing free and competent legal services to weaker sections of society, thereby ensuring access to justice for all. One of the most important mechanisms introduced under this Act is the Lok Adalat system, which promotes alternative dispute resolution to reduce the burden on…

The Law of Limitation in Banking: Definitions, Computation, Fresh Period Triggers, and Key Schedule Provisions

BRBL

This article provides a precise, action-oriented reading of limitation mechanics for banking disputes and recoveries. For drafting, litigation strategy, and collections operations, building a limitation dashboard keyed to instrument type, default date, and acknowledgment/part-payment events is the most reliable defense against time-barred claims. The Law of Limitation is the procedural backbone that determines when legal…