Modified duration is a concept that interest rates and bond prices move in opposite directions. It tells you how sensitive a bond is to interest rate changes. It is expressed in a formula that expresses the measurable change in the value of a security in response to a change in interest rates. Key points about…
‘Duration’ or Macaulay duration measures the price volatility of fixed income securities. As the term suggests, duration is expressed as a number of years and measures a bond’s sensitivity to change in interest rates. Usually, the higher the duration, the more is the volatility in the prices. To be precise, it measures the change in market…
Basket of currencies or currency basket means a currency in the basket (group) can be freely convertible to another currency of the basket without the special approval from the Central Bank of that country. The resulting exchange rate can be fixed or variable according to the demand for that currency in the international market.Majority of…
The ‘Market risk’ is an umbrella term used for multiple types of risk associated with adverse changes in market variables that include Liquidity Risk, Interest rate risk, Foreign exchange rate risk and equity price risk. Market risk causes substantial changes in income and economic value of banks. The Bank of International Settlements (BIS) defines market risk…
BCBS is a committee of banking supervisory authorities that was established by the central bank governors of the G-10 countries in 1974 with a proposal of working towards building new international financial structures with the goal of minimizing credit risk in financial sector. Basel accord is the guidelines on regulatory standards formulated by Basel committee on…
Subordinated debt refers to the debt owed to an unsecured creditor. In the event of the bankruptcy or liquidation of the debtor, the court will prioritize the outstanding loans which the liquidated assets shall repay. Therefore, subordinated debt can only be paid if any assets left after the claims of secured creditors have been met.…
A business usually owns capital assets like Plant and machinery, land and building, equipment etc. The values of these assets are periodically depreciated over their useful life span both for accounting and tax purposes. The revaluation of assets is stark opposite to planned depreciation where the recorded decline in value of these assets tied down…
Deferred Tax Liability (DTL) can be defined as Provision for Future Taxation or an obligation to pay taxes in the future.The DTL reported on an organization’s balance sheet represents the net difference between the taxes that are paid in the current accounting period and the tax that is assessed or is due for the current…
Assume, a bank keeps all the deposits collected from the customers in its vaults. It is an ideal situation to a bank that it has large quantity of liquid capital to return the money back to the depositors as and when they demand it. However, keeping customer’s deposits without using doesn’t earn any money to…
A ‘Swap’ is an act of exchanging one thing for another. In derivative market, currencies swap, interest rates swap or commodities swaps are most common. Currency Swap: When buying and selling of a foreign currency with different delivery dates simultaneously take place, it is called SWAP transaction. Currency swaps are used to hedge interest rate…