When we think of banks, we often focus on deposits, loans, and interest rates. But behind the scenes, a bank’s financial strength depends heavily on two fundamental components: Paid-up Capital and Reserves. These are more than just accounting entries—they’re the backbone that supports stability, growth, and customer confidence. What is Paid-up Capital? Paid-up capital represents…
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has transformed the way banking licenses are issued by moving to an on-tap licensing framework. This allows eligible entities to apply for licenses at any time, replacing the earlier restrictive “stop-and-go” model. The new system fosters competition, innovation, and financial inclusion while ensuring strict regulatory oversight. Universal Banks: The…
India’s banking system operates under one of the most robust regulatory frameworks in the world. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), as the central authority, ensures that banks remain stable, transparent, and trustworthy, while key legislations—most notably the **Banking Regulation Act, 1949** and its **2025 amendments**—provide the legal foundation for governance. Legal Foundation and RBI’s…
When we think of regulation in India’s financial sector, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) usually comes to mind first. And rightly so — RBI plays the central role in supervising both banks and Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs). But the reality is more complex. Banks and NBFCs are also regulated by multiple other authorities, each…
Co-operative banks in India occupy a unique position in the financial system by catering to grassroots-level credit needs, especially in rural and semi-urban areas. However, unlike commercial banks, they function under a dual regulatory framework, which has often raised questions about governance and accountability. The Dual Control Framework The regulation of co-operative banks is shared…
The government plays a crucial role as a regulator of banks primarily through the central bank and legislative framework. In India, for example, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) acts as the central bank and chief regulator of the banking sector, empowered by statutory acts such as the Banking Regulation Act of 1949 and the…
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) serves as India’s central bank, established on April 1, 1935, under the RBI Act of 1934, to manage the nation’s currency, credit, and financial system. As the apex institution, the RBI regulates the banking sector, issues currency, and implements monetary policy to ensure monetary stability and economic growth. It…
The Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 is the foundational legislation that established the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and continues to govern its structure, powers, and functions. It provides the legal backbone for India’s monetary policy, currency operations, and banking regulation, making it one of the most important financial laws in the country. Purpose…
The Indian banking sector is one of the most regulated and systematically organized in the world. Its growth and stability are not by chance — they are rooted in a strong legal and constitutional framework that defines how banks are established, governed, and supervised. For banking professionals, policymakers, and even customers, understanding the **constitution of…
Introduction The Indian banking sector is the backbone of the nation’s financial system. It fuels economic growth, supports financial inclusion, and mobilizes capital across industries and households. Because of its systemic importance, the business of banking in India operates under a robust legal and regulatory framework. This framework ensures stability, safeguards depositors’ interests, and aligns…