A swap is a derivative contract where two parties agree to exchange cash flows or liabilities from different financial instruments over a set period of time. In the other words, a ‘Swap’ is an act of exchanging one thing for another. In derivative market, currencies swap, interest rates swap or commodities swaps are most common. The…
(Look here for repatriation of money abroad from the Sale of property purchased from funds remitted from overseas OR NRE/ FCNR accounts, Sale of property purchased from Rupee Source (while resident in India), Sale of property acquired through inheritance, etc, and permissible sources of funds for an online/offline transfer abroad from an NRO Account .)…
A forward contract is an agreement between two parties to buy or to sell an asset at a specified price on a future date. For example, in foreign exchange market ‘forward contract’ means an exchange agreement between two parties to deliver one currency in exchange for another currency at a forward or future date. Futures…
In a layman’s language, derivative means profit or loss derived from something. The most common derivative instruments used in financial markets are the forward contract, options, forward rate agreement, futures contract, interest rate swaps etc. The characteristic and value of these derivative instruments are derived from underlying assets like currencies, Interest rates, stocks indices, precious…
Derivatives are financial contracts that derive their value from an underlying asset. These contracts play a significant role in the financial markets and exhibit several key characteristics and functions. Characteristics of Derivatives Hedging Hedging involves purchasing one asset to reduce the risk of loss associated with another asset. In finance, this risk management technique focuses…
In today’s Budget 2025 presentation, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced several development measures across six key areas, focusing on the poor, youth, farmers, and women. Key Focus Areas Major Announcements on Taxation, Business Growth, Infrastructure, and Fiscal Policies To know the tax slabs for FY 2025-26, read: “NO INCOME TAX ON INCOME UP TO ₹12…
Options are contracts through which a seller gives a buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a specified asset (Ex: Foreign currency, shares, equities, commodities etc.) at a predetermined price, by a certain date. It means they acquire or dispose of the underlying asset at that price called the strike price.…
A “right debenture” is a form of convertible debenture, granting the holder additional rights beyond just receiving interest payments. It allows the holder to convert the debenture into a certain number of shares of the issuing company at a predetermined price within a specific timeframe, essentially giving them the option to become part-owners of the…
The Government of India has introduced the Mutual Credit Guarantee Scheme for MSMEs (MCGS-MSME) to enhance access to credit for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The scheme provides a 60% guarantee coverage through the National Credit Guarantee Trustee Company Limited (NCGTC) to Member Lending Institutions (MLIs) for credit facilities up to ₹100 crore. Key…
Introduction The Banking Regulation Act of 1949 is the primary legislation governing banking activities in India. Bank regulation involves establishing and enforcing rules for banks and other financial institutions. It aims to maintain the stability and integrity of the financial system, protect consumer interests, and promote fairness and efficiency in markets. The Reserve Bank of…
