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      Special Audits v/s Regular Audit: Purpose, Process, and Examples
      Accounting, BRBLBy Ashish KarkeraAugust 31, 2025

      In the world of banking and business, audits play a crucial role in maintaining financial transparency and regulatory compliance. While routine audits examine overall financial health, a **special audit** is different. It is conducted only under specific circumstances—such as suspected fraud, compliance violations, or financial irregularities. Unlike regular audits, which cover the entire financial landscape,…

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      Understanding Information Systems Audit (IS Audit)
      AccountingBy Ashish KarkeraAugust 30, 2025

      An Information Systems Audit (IS Audit) is a specialized review conducted to ensure the security, integrity, and effectiveness of an organization’s information technology infrastructure, especially vital in banking. IS Audit focuses on evaluating IT controls, risk management, and compliance within the computerized environment of banks. Purpose and Scope An IS Audit in banking aims to:…

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      Explained: Requirements of Banking Companies as to Accounts and Audit
      AccountingBy Ashish KarkeraAugust 30, 2025

      Correct and accurate compilation of financial information and its disclosure, in a manner that is standardized and understood by stakeholders, is central to the credibility of the corporates including banks. The preparation of financial information and its audit is regulated by the banking regulator in India (RBI) with stringent penalties for non-observance. Accounting Standards serve…

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      Discounted Cash Flow Valuation: Estimating Inputs
      ABFM, AccountingBy Ashish KarkeraAugust 17, 2025

      Estimating inputs for a ‘Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) valuation’ is one of the most critical skills in corporate finance. Whether for banking, investment analysis, or project evaluation, accurate input estimation forms the foundation of a reliable valuation model. Introduction to DCF Valuation The DCF approach values a business, asset, or investment based on its ability…

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      Discounted Cash Flow Approach: Step-By-Step Guide to Valuation
      ABFM, AccountingBy Ashish KarkeraAugust 17, 2025

      Introduction Understanding the true value of a business or investment opportunity is essential in finance. Among the various valuation methods, the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) approach stands out for its robust, future-focused perspective. This article explores the core steps involved in conducting a DCF analysis, helping both professionals and beginners grasp how to estimate intrinsic…

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       Direct Comparison Approach in Corporate Valuations
      ABFM, AccountingBy Surendra NaikAugust 16, 2025

       Introduction In the world of corporate valuations, one of the most practical and widely used methods is the Direct Comparison Approach. This method estimates the value of a company by comparing it with similar businesses that have been recently valued, sold, or listed in the market. Because it closely mirrors real market activity, it is…

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      Stock and Debt Approach in Corporate Valuations
      ABFM, AccountingBy Surendra NaikAugust 16, 2025

      In corporate finance and banking, understanding how to value a company is at the heart of smart decision-making. Whether it’s for investment, lending, mergers, or acquisitions, professionals rely on different valuation methods. One such method, widely respected for its practicality, is the Stock and Debt Approach. This method looks at both a company’s equity (stock)…

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      Adjusted Book Value Approach in Corporate Valuations
      ABFM, AccountingBy Ashish KarkeraAugust 16, 2025

      Valuing a company accurately is fundamental for banking professionals, investors, and financial analysts. Among the various valuation methods, the Adjusted Book Value Approach stands out as a pragmatic and reliable way to determine a company’s worth by refining the traditional book value to better reflect economic realities. What is the Adjusted Book Value Approach? The…

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      Approaches to Corporate Valuation
      ABFM, AccountingBy Ashish KarkeraAugust 16, 2025

      In the realm of corporate finance and banking, understanding how to accurately value a company is essential for investment decisions, mergers and acquisitions, financing, and strategic planning. Corporate valuation involves estimating the economic value of a business or company, and there are several approaches commonly used by analysts and investors. This article explores the primary…

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      Cash Flow Estimation in Capital Budgeting: A Comprehensive Overview
      ABFM, AccountingBy Ashish KarkeraAugust 13, 2025

      IntroductionCash flow estimation in capital budgeting involves forecasting the future cash inflows and outflows associated with a proposed investment. Since these cash flows form the primary basis for assessing the financial viability of a project, accuracy in their projection is critical. The process typically includes estimating the initial cash outflows, annual operating cash inflows, and…

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      Methods of Investment Appraisal
      ABFM, AccountingBy Ashish KarkeraAugust 12, 2025

      Investment appraisal methods are techniques used to evaluate investment proposals and assist companies in determining their desirability based on their income-generating potential. These methods also help rank proposals in order of preference. A sound appraisal method should enable the company to measure the real worth of a proposal and make informed accept-or-reject decisions. Investment appraisal…

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      Understanding NPV, IRR, DCF… in capital budgeting
      ABFM, AccountingBy Ashish KarkeraAugust 12, 2025

      (This post explains what are NPV, IRR, DCF, Time value of money, Hurdle rate or opportunity cost of capital, accounting rate of return, pay- back period etc.) The price of groceries or any other items purchased by you today will not be same next year. The purchasing ability of a Rupee today is different (normally…

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Government announces several packages to handle COVID 19 crisis

Bank NewsBy Surendra NaikMay 13, 2020

Today (May 13, 2020), Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced the extension of due date for all income tax returns to November 30. While addressing the press she made several announcements. The highlights of the announcements are as under. The due date for all income tax returns extended up to November 30 Statutory PF contribution is…

Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme for farmers,animal-husbandary and fisheries

Priority Sector AdvancesBy Surendra NaikMay 7, 2020

Kisan Credit Accounts are normally short term crop loans emerged as an innovative credit delivery mechanism to meet the production credit requirements of the farmers in a timely and hassle-free manner. The repayment period may be fixed as per the anticipated harvesting and marketing period for the crops for which a loan has been granted. …

RBI releases FAQs on Cash withdrawal from POS terminals

Ancillary ServicesBy Surendra NaikMay 6, 2020

RBI on Tuesday (May 5, 2020) issued FAQs on cash withdrawal from Point of sale (POS) terminals with the following information for general guidance purposes. The cash withdrawal facility at POS terminal is made available at merchant establishments designated by the acquirer banks (i.e. the banks that deploy the PoS terminals) after a process of…

Bad Loans (NPA) in Banks: Why do we have this state of affairs?

NPA managementBy Surendra NaikMay 4, 2020

The BSR-1 released by RBI at every quarter shows that small borrowal accounts the credit limit up to ₹ 0.2 million constitute only a share of 7.3 percent in total outstanding credit of the banks. From the above stats, we may infer that it is the large borrowers who have been heavily damaging banking industries…

How an account of Executor or Administrator opened in the bank?

Deposits, Legal and Regulatory aspects of bankingBy Surendra NaikMay 3, 2020

A WILL is made by an individual in order to circumvent any litigation amongst his heirs in respect of the distribution of his assets after his death. The WILL surpasses the succession law on inheritance and the beneficiary of the WILL (in whose name property is bequeathed) only is entitled to receive his/her share specified…

RBI Governor held meeting with MD/CEOs of banks to discuss on three months moratorium

Reserve Bank Functions and newsBy Surendra NaikMay 2, 2020

Today (May 2, 2020), RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das held meeting with the MD/CEOs of major public and private sector banks in two separate sessions through video conference. The meetings were attended by Deputy Governors and other senior officers of RBI. The move comes after an apex court direction to the regulator that the intended beneficiaries…

DA chart of Bank Officers for the quarter of May-July 2020

Bank StaffBy Surendra NaikApril 30, 2020

On the basis of CPI data announced by the Labour Bureau for the period of January 2020 to March 2020, the average index number works out to 7486 (base 1960=100) or 761slabs(76.10%) for the above period. It means bank employees and officers are entitled to an increase of 2 slabs (0.20%) for the ensuing quarter…

DA chart of bank clerical staff for the quarter of May -JULY 2020

Bank StaffBy Surendra NaikApril 30, 2020

On the basis of CPI data announced by the Labour Bureau for the period of January 2020 to March 2020, the average index number works out to 7486 (base 1960=100) or 761slabs(76.10%) for the above period. It means bank employees and officers are entitled to an increase of 2slabs (0.20%) for the ensuing quarter of…

DA chart of bank sub-staff for the quarter of May-July 2020

Bank StaffBy Surendra NaikApril 30, 2020

On the basis of CPI data announced by the Labour Bureau for the period of January 2020 to March 2020, the average index number works out to 7486 (base 1960=100) or 761slabs(76.10%) for the above period. It means bank employees and officers are entitled to an increase of 2slabs (0.20%) for the ensuing quarter of…

DA chart of bank employees on special allowance for the quarter May-July 2020

Bank StaffBy Surendra NaikApril 30, 2020

On the basis of CPI data announced by the Labour Bureau for the period of January 2020 to March 2020, the average index number works out to 7486 (base 1960=100) or 761slabs(76.10%) for the above period. It means bank employees and officers are entitled to an increase of 2slabs (0.20%) for the ensuing quarter of…

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