Understanding Working Capital Appraisal: Key Financial Terms Explained
The working capital requirement of industrial and trading establishments refers to the total funds invested in various current assets such as raw materials (RM), work-in-process (WIP), finished goods (FG), and outstanding receivables. Banks extend working capital facilities to borrowers based on the nature and level of current assets, after deducting the borrower’s margin contribution, within…
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Police Power to Freeze Bank Accounts: Understanding Section 102 CrPC / Section 106 BNSS
Police in India can direct banks to freeze or seize an account if, during investigation, they develop a reasonable suspicion that the account is linked to a crime, but this power is not unlimited and is subject to statutory safeguards and judicial review. The Supreme Court has clarified that a bank account is “property” for…
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UPI–TIPS Interlinkage: Strengthening Cross-Border Instant Payments Between India and the Euro Area
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI)is actively advancing efforts to interlink the **Unified Payments Interface (UPI) with fast payment systems across global jurisdictions to enhance the efficiency of cross-border payments. These initiatives align with the G20 Roadmap for improving cross-border payments, which emphasizes making international transfers cheaper, faster, more transparent, and more accessible. As part…
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Cheque Bounce — Is it Necessary to Make Unregistered Firms an Accused? (Updated as of 2025)
A common question arises whether an unregistered partnership firm can be made an accused under Section 141 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (NI Act), and whether the firm itself must be arraigned as an accused along with its partners for cheque bounce offences under Section 138. Historically, ambiguity persisted due to Section 69 of…
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NRE (Non-Resident External) Accounts in India: Purpose, Eligibility, Rules & Operating Procedures.
Quick summary An NRE account is a rupee account for NRIs/OCIs to park overseas earnings in India with full repatriation and tax‑free interest while they remain non‑resident under FEMA, subject to specific opening, operation, and conversion rules on change in residency status. What is an NRE account Purpose and use-cases Eligibility Key features Tax…
PSB Alliance to Launch New Digital Platform for MSME Credit Access in January 2026
The PSB Alliance, a joint initiative of all 12 Public Sector Banks (PSBs) in India, is set to launch a new digital platform in January 2026 to simplify credit access for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The upcoming platform will create a unified digital ecosystem connecting small businesses, fintechs, and partner organizations with PSBs,…
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